Hemolacria and More: Spectacular Case of Bleeding in Two Calves

Abstract

A 20-day old calf was presented to the Adnan Menderes University, Veterinary Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine and less than one month old calf in the field was reported by the Veterinary Surgeon at different times in 2017 from different farms to Umurlu district. On arrival the present one case presented fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, anormal bleeding symptoms [hemolacria (bloody tears), epistaxis, ear bleeding, prolonged bleeding time following injection and recurrent bleeding all over the body after minor trauma or spontaneously] and the others had an spontaneously bleeding on injection side. As being informed by the owner of both calves there was no change after the treatment performed by initial Veterinary Surgeon for two weeks. In an attempt to determine alterations that might be related to probable bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP), blood gas analysis, selected coagulation parameters were analyzed. Only in the first case, performed both rapid ELİSA test kit (IDEXX SNAP ® BVDV AntigenTest, United States) and PCR (Veterinary Research Control Instıtute, Bornova, İzmir) tested for bovine virus diarrhea virus antigen that were all negative. According to blood gase analysis of first case, Hct (<10%), Na⁺ (130.2 mmol/L), K⁺⁺ (4.03 mmol/L), iCa (1.21 mmol/L), HCO3 (32.8 mmol/L), BE (+6.5 mmol) and coagulation parameter in both cases PT (>101 sec) and fibrinogen (> 113 mg/dL) as well as APTT (64.1 and 67.3 sec) were analyzed respectively. As a result of histopathological analysis and postmortem examination of first case, macroscopically petechial hemorrhage on the whole body, linear bleeding in jejenum and microscopically excudate with fibrin, neutrophil and blood in intestinal villus, tonsillar crypt, and pulmonary alveolus were obtained while other case could not be performed. As a result of clinical examination and laboratory results were suspected BNP and this is first reported case of hemolacria in a calf and associated coagulation variations in calves in Eagean Region of Turkey.